Horrific Nightmares May Signal Onset of Chronic Diseases
Ans)
1. Answer: B) Nightmares can be a warning sign of the onset or flare of autoimmune diseases.
Explanation: The article explains that nightmares may signal the onset or worsening of autoimmune diseases like lupus.
2. Answer: A) Present research findings linking nightmares to autoimmune diseases.
Explanation: The main focus of the article is on presenting new research findings that link nightmares to the onset or flares of autoimmune diseases.
3. Answer: B) Early detection of disease flares can lead to prompt treatment.
Explanation: The article highlights that recognizing nightmares as symptoms can lead to early detection and treatment of disease flares.
4. Answer: C) Including neuropsychiatric symptoms in diagnostic criteria could improve patient care.
Explanation: The article implies that including symptoms like nightmares in diagnostic criteria could help in better diagnosing and treating autoimmune diseases.
5. Answer: D) Nightmares might indicate the onset of chronic autoimmune diseases.
Explanation: The main idea of the article is that nightmares could be early indicators of autoimmune diseases.
6. Answer: C) Hallucinations while awake.
Explanation: The article mentions that daymares, or hallucinations while awake, can be symptoms of autoimmune diseases.
7. Answer: B) She is the lead author and a researcher at the University of Cambridge.
Explanation: Melanie Sloan is described as the lead author and a researcher involved in the study.
8. Answer: A) They do not consider them serious symptoms.
Explanation: The article suggests that patients often do not report nightmares because they do not see them as serious symptoms.
9. Answer: A) Autoimmune diseases.
Explanation: The article focuses on the connection between nightmares and autoimmune diseases.
10. Answer: B) Dreamlike hallucinations while awake.
Explanation: "Daymares" are defined in the article as hallucinations experienced while awake.
11. Answer: C) Excessive hunger.
Explanation: The article does not list excessive hunger as a symptom of lupus, unlike rashes, protein in urine, and joint pain.
12. Answer: A) Incorporating questions about nightmares and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patient assessments.
Explanation: The article suggests that asking about nightmares and other neuropsychiatric symptoms can help detect disease flares earlier.
13. Answer: B) Nightmares and hallucinations can be early signs of autoimmune diseases.
Explanation: The study found that nightmares and hallucinations can indicate the onset of autoimmune diseases.
14. Answer: C) They experience high levels of stress and inflammation.
Explanation: The article suggests that stress and inflammation related to autoimmune diseases might cause nightmares.
15. Answer: B) It aids in early detection and timely treatment of disease flares.
Explanation: Recognizing nightmares as symptoms helps in the early detection and treatment of disease flares, as stated in the article.
16. Answer: D) Neuropsychiatric symptoms can appear even if the brain is not directly affected by the disease.
Explanation: The article mentions that neuropsychiatric symptoms can occur in lupus patients even when organs other than the brain are involved.
Writing Example
Essay
In recent years, research has increasingly highlighted the potential for nightmares and other neuropsychiatric symptoms to serve as early warning signs of autoimmune diseases. Despite this, these symptoms are frequently overlooked by both patients and healthcare professionals. Recognizing and addressing these symptoms is crucial for the early detection and treatment of autoimmune diseases, as evidenced by recent studies.
Autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, can severely impact an individual's quality of life. These diseases occur when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and damage to various organs. Early detection is essential to manage these diseases effectively and prevent severe complications. However, traditional diagnostic criteria often fail to consider neuropsychiatric symptoms like nightmares and daymares, which can precede more overt physical symptoms.
A study published in the journal eClinicalMedicine found that vivid, distressing nightmares could signal the onset or flare of autoimmune diseases. The study surveyed patients with lupus and other rheumatic diseases, revealing that many experienced intense nightmares and hallucinations before other symptoms emerged. This finding underscores the need for healthcare providers to inquire about these symptoms during patient evaluations, as early intervention can significantly improve outcomes.
Furthermore, ignoring these symptoms can lead to misdiagnoses or delayed treatment, exacerbating the disease's progression. For example, a patient experiencing severe nightmares might initially be treated for a psychiatric disorder rather than being screened for an underlying autoimmune condition. This delay can result in irreversible damage to vital organs and a diminished quality of life.
In conclusion, the inclusion of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the diagnostic criteria for autoimmune diseases is imperative. Early recognition and treatment of these symptoms can lead to better disease management and improved patient outcomes. As recent studies suggest, healthcare professionals should be trained to identify and address these early warning signs to ensure timely and accurate diagnoses.
(words: 302)
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